[ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ] . "Frequent flyer mileage is our way of saying thank you to all thePage 391people who take our airline or are thinking of taking our airline in the future."I said: "I can understand you rewarding those who fly your airline, but it doesn't make much sense to give away free trips to people who jog in Central Park.""The airline wants to attract many people who ordinarily don't fly teenage babysitters, greencard holders, people in state prisons," Jay told me. "To do this, we must persuade them that there is something in it for them. If we can provide an Orkin man and his wife with a free trip to Acapulco, we consider that we've done a good merchandising job.""Don't all these trips cut down on your cash flow?" I asked.Jay replied, "Admittedly, we could benefit from more profits. But once you go down the frequent flyer glide path, it's hard to turn back. The competition is always breathing down your neck. We heard that TWA is offering 20,000 miles if you watch 14 hours of basketball a week. Obviously we have to top that if we're going to stay in business.""How do you plan to do it?""We're working out a deal with the iceberglettuce people. Every time you buy a head of lettuce, we'll credit you with 2,500 miles.""If you're handing out free mileage for everyone, what are you using for money to keep your planes flying?""We're giving our mechanics 25,000 free bonus miles for every plane they fix correctly. They love the incentive and will work late into the night to earn enough to get them to Europe.""Dare I inquire how the stockholders are doing with all the free rides?"Jay said: "Not bad. We give them a 4,400mile bonus for every point that the stock goes down.""Nobody loses according to your marketing campaign.""Aviation is something that requires special selling. If a guy knows that he can stay in a bedandbreakfast hotel and get frequent flyer miles, he's going to sleep better. If he buys a set of golf clubs and gets a ticket to Argentina, he is ahead of the game.Page 392The next time he wants to fly somewhere, he'll take Southern Freebie Airlines."Jay handed me a certificate."What is this?""We're crediting you with 14,000 miles for wearing a blue shirt." (Buchwald, 1993, p. 13A) Reprinted with permission of Art Buchwald and Los Angeles Times Syndicate.ContrastContrast can also be described as incongruity. In using contrast, you establish a lack of harmony with the world~ you show unreasonable and unsuitable situations. There are times when something that is expected and routine becomes something completely unexpected and nonroutine. For example, a story about a business trip that was well planned with hotel and rental car reservations, airline bookings, and other details turns into a series of humorous situations when the realities of the trip begin. These include an airline strike, a rental car breakdown, hotel reservations denied by a clerk, and just plain bad timing (for example, you finally arrive at the hotel at 11:15 p.m., hungry and tired, but find out that room service closed at 11 p.m.).UnderstatementJust like exaggeration, understatement works to create emphasis and reaction on the part of the reader. An intentional, softer comment will draw attention when it is contrasted with the expected. If, for example, you were referring to the real summer heat that the local readers know was 98°F with 80% humidity by saying, "It was a little warm outside yesterday," then you have understated the case dramatically and no doubt drawn a reaction from your reader.Novelist Connie Willis feels understatement is as important as exaggeration in creating humor. And you can use them together, she believes: "Don't get the idea you must choose one or the other," Willis (1996, p. 33) wrote. "Humor is not a decision between More or Less. (Mark) Twain often uses understatement and exaggeration in the same sentence." The concern of writers, she notes, is when to use one or the other. Every author, she observes, seems to use them differently. "Things are already funny~ you're simply using exaggerationPage 393and understatement and whatever else to bring out the humor that was already there."AsidesMany humor writers like to use asides short messages in parentheses or other form to communicate with readers on a quasiprivate level. This is a technique often used in acting that permits the actor to communicate only with the audience. In writing, humorists who use asides are attempting the same technique as if to privately communicate with you (and not the book's editor). Did you notice? The previous sentence contained an aside. You don't have to use parentheses all the time. Some writers prefer dashes " " or other typographic devices to accomplish the same thing. Some writers will even use footnotes for the same effect
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