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.Re1 Re8Diagram 196 Position after 24.Re825.Bxf6Also unsatisfactory for White is 25.Qxe8+ Qxe8 26.Rxe8+ Rxe8 27.Bxf6 gxf6 28.Nd4 Re1+ 29.Kf2 Rd1!.25.Rxe426.Bxd8 Rxe1+27.Nxe1 Rxd828.Bxc6The game has reached an ending where White does not have fullcompensation for his lost Exchange.Black s win is now a question oftechnique.28.Rd129.Kf2 Rd2+30.Kf3 Rxa216631.h4Diagram 197 Position after 31.h4It is difficult for White to protect his numerous pawn weaknesses and tocoordinate his pieces.31.Kf8 32.Kf4 Ke7 33.Nf3 Rf2 34.h5 Be2 35.Ke3Bxf3 36.Bxf3 Rb2 37.Bd5 Rc2 38.Kd4.If 38.Bc4, then38.Rxc4! reaches a winning pawn endgame.38.Rh239.g4.Or 39.Bf3 Rh3.39.Rh3 40.Ke5 Re3+ 41.Kf4Rc3 42.c6 Kd6 43.Bg8 h6 44.Kf5 Rxc6 45.Kg6 Ke5+46.Kxg7 Kf4, White resigns.D.The 7th (2nd) rankThe major pieces (queen and rook) gain maximum activity when placedon open files.They are then often in position to invade the enemy camp.Especially effective is an intrusion on the 7th or 8th rank, where theopponent s pawns (7th) or king (8th) are usually located.167Game 42Vasiliev  ZilbersteinUkraine, 1993Diagram 198 Position after White s 16th move16.a5!17.a3White is forced to play this move; otherwise, 17.axb4 18.cxb4 createsa protected passed pawn on c4 for Black.17.Ra6!Black first builds up his forces on the a-file, and then threatens toexchange a-pawns to open the file to his advantage.18.Ne2 Rfa819.Rab1White is forced to abandon the a-file.19.axb420.axb4 Ra321.Ng3 R8a4!168Diagram 199 Position after 21.R8a4!Preparing a major invasion into the enemy camp.Black s idea is to play22.Qa7 and then move onto the 2nd rank.22.Nxe4 dxe4Now Black also has the d-file, including his stronghold on d3, undercontrol.23.Rf2 Qd3!24.Qc1 Ra2The Black rooks begin to occupy the 2nd rank.Black has a decisiveadvantage.25.Qe1 Rc2!26.Rd1 Raa2Diagram 200 Position after 26.Raa2169After penetrating the 2nd rank, Black now has a dominating position.He swinning.27.g3 Bd8With the idea of 28.Bb6.28.Bc1 Rxf229.Rxd3 Rg2+30.Kf1 exd3White resignsDiagram 201 Final positionThe Black rooks dominate the position!Let s review Black s winning plan, starting from diagram 198:1.Creating tension on the a-file with 16.a5!.2.Doubling rooks on the a-file.3.Opening the a-file and seizing full control of it.4.Bringing his queen opportunistically to the newly created d3stronghold.5.Penetrating the 2nd rank.6.Doubling the rooks on the 2nd rank.170The intrusion of the queen on the 7th rank can also be very effective, aswe see in our next example.Game 43Gelfand  AnandBiel, 1993Diagram 202 Position after Black s 18th move19.Qxd7! Rfd820.Bxh7+ Kxh7?Better was 20.Kf8.Black s pawn deficit would then be partlycompensated for by the activity of his pieces.21.Qxf7 Rxd2?This move doesn t help.Neither does 21.Bxg2!? 22.Kxg2 Qg5+ (22.Rxd2 23.Qxe6 Rb6 24.Qe4+ Rg6+ 25.Kh1) 23.Kh1 Rxd2 24.Rg1Qd5+ 25.f3 Qe5 26.Rg3 Rxh2+ 27.Kxh2 Qxb2+ 28.Kh3 Qxa1 29.Kg4!.22.Ra4 Qg523.g3!171Diagram 203 Position after 23.g3!Both protecting against checkmate on g2 and threatening a dangerouscheck on h4.23.e524.Rh4+ Qxh425.gxh4 Rd6White has a decisive material advantage.But he still has to be careful toavoid last-minute tricks.26.h5 Be427.Qe7 Rbb628.Qxe5Not dangerous for White is 28.Rg6+ 29.hxg6 Rxg6+ 30.Qg3.28.Re629.Qf4 Black resigns172Game 44Vokach  Van der WielDortmund, 1989Diagram 204 Position after Black s 26th moveAll of White s pieces are actively placed, but the biggest danger to Blackis White s activity on the 7th rank.27.Bxe6!This sacrifice exposes the entire 7th rank to White s attack.27.Bxe2Accepting the sacrifice would lead to catastrophic results: 27.fxe6 28.Qe7 Qb2 29.Qxe6+ Kh8 30.Rxg7! Bxe2 31.Rg8+ Rxg8 32.Be5+.Diagram 205 Position after 27.Bxe2.28.Qxf8+!!Wow!!17328.Kxf8Or 28.Bxf8 29.Bxf7+ Kh8 (29.Kg7 30.Be8+) 30.Be5+ Bg7 31.Rc8+.29.Bd6+ Kg8If 29.Ke8 30.Rc8 mate.30.Bxf7+ Kh831.Rc8+ Bf832.Be5 mateLearning Exercise 8-1:Open lines of attackGeller  NovotelnovMoscow, 1951Diagram 206 White to moveUse the open lines to attack the king and obtain a material advantage.174Learning Exercise 8-2:7th-rank advantageSerper  NicolaidesSt.Petersburg, 1993Diagram 207 White to moveWhite s rook is on the 7th rank! But how can White use this advantage?Find at least the best first three moves.Learning Exercises 8-3:Which continuation?Botvinnik  SzaboMoscow, 1956Diagram 208 White to moveWhich would be the best move for White?a) 1.Rxb7 b) 1.c5175Learning Exercise 8-4:Use the open filesPillsbury  WolfMonte Carlo, 1903Diagram 209 White to move and winHint: Open the files!Learning Exercise 8-5:Rooking your opponentStudyXIII centuryDiagram 210 White to moveFind a win.176Learning Exercise 8-6:A rare double attackBarbeli  KovachBucharest, 1948Diagram 211 White to moveHow can White win a piece?Answers to Learning Exercises8-1) 1.Rxf8+! Kxf8 (or 1.Qxf8 2.Bh7+ Kh8 3.Bg6+ Kg8 4.Qh7mate) 2.Qh8+ Kf7 3.Bg6+! Ke6 ( 3.Kxg6 4.Qh5 mate) 4.Qg8+ Kd75.Bf5+, with a win.8-2) The game continued: 1.Rf7+! Qxf7 2.Qc8+ Qe8 3.d7 (In a realgame, you need not see further than this!) 3.Kf7 4.dxe8(Q)+ Rxe8 5.Qb7+ Re7 6.c6!.This combinational idea has occurred for the secondtime in this game.It is not possible to accept the queen sacrifice.6.e47.c7 e3 8.Qd5+ Kf6 9.Qd6+ Kf7 10.Qd5+ Kf6 11.Qd6+ Kf7 (Whitewas probably repeating moves in time trouble in order to reach the timecontrol.) 12.Qxe7+ Kxe7 13.c8Q Bh6 14.Qc5+ Ke8 15.Qb5+ Kd8 16.Qb6+ Kd7 17.Qxg6 e2+ 18.Kxf2 Be3+ 19.Ke1, Black resigns.8-3) If you played 1.c5! then you were correct.(After 1.Rxb7, Blackwould take the d-file.) The game continued: 1.Rfe8 2.Rfd1 f5 (on 2.Rab8 or 2.Ra7, White can play 3.Rc7, and the second White rook willenter the 7th rank with decisive effect.) 3.Rxb7 fxe4 4.Rd6 Kf7 5.Nf4Reb8 6.Rbd7 Ke8 7.Ne6, Black resigns.On 7.Nd5, White would play8.Bg5, with the threat of 9.Rxd5 and 10.Re7 mate.8-4) 1.Bxg6 and Black resigned.If 1.Nxg6, then 2.Rxg6+ hxg3 3.Rh4; and on 1.Rb6, White just plays 2.Bxh7+.1778-5) 1.Rh5! Rxh5 2.Ra6+, and then 3.Ra5+ and 4.Rxh5, with an extrarook.8-6) 1.Nxd7! (Not 1.Qxd7+? because of 1.Qxd7 2.Nxd7 Rxc2!.) 1.Qxd7 2.Qxd7+ Kxd7 3.0-0-0+! and 4.Kxb2.The d-file helped White towin!178 CHAPTER 9 Weak and Strong SquaresA weak square is one which cannot be defended by a pawn, and is thusopen to occupation by an enemy piece.For White such squares frequentlyoccur along the 4th and 3rd ranks, and for Black, they occur most often onthe 5th and 6th ranks.Such a square becomes a serious weakness whenthere is a threat that it might be used by the opponent  and it is of coursevery tempting to put your pieces on such a safe and comfortable square.One of the qualities of a weak square is that it increases the value of thepiece that occupies it, especially a knight or bishop.The term weak point has a broader definition.It can be both a weak squareand a weak pawn.Your opponent s weak square has to be within his camp, but a weakenemy pawn can occur anywhere on the chess board.Reflecting upon these definitions, we might recall how many weak pointswe have created for our opponents to use during our chess experience.Now that we understand the importance of such squares, we can make aresolution  never to surrender valuable squares into enemy hands unlesswe have compelling reasons!A strong square is under a player s permanent control, and can be used forrealizing strategic and tactical threats [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]